Urogynecology, also known as female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS), is a specialized field within gynecology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic floor disorders in women. These disorders involve dysfunction or weakness of the pelvic organs, including the bladder, uterus, rectum, and the muscles and connective tissues that support them.
Urogynecologists are gynecologists who have received additional training in the evaluation and management of pelvic floor disorders. They are experts in diagnosing and treating conditions such as:
Urinary Incontinence: This refers to the involuntary loss of urine. Stress incontinence, which occurs with activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, and urge incontinence, which involves a sudden urge to urinate, are common types of urinary incontinence treated by urogynecologists.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse: It occurs when the pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum, descend or bulge into the vaginal wall due to weakened pelvic floor muscles. Urogynecologists can perform surgical procedures to repair and restore the proper position of these organs.
Voiding Dysfunction: This includes problems with emptying the bladder completely or difficulty starting or stopping urination. Urogynecologists can assess and manage conditions like urinary retention or neurogenic bladder.
Overactive Bladder: It is characterized by a sudden and urgent need to urinate frequently. Urogynecologists can provide various treatment options, including behavioral modifications, medications, and, in some cases, surgical interventions.
Fecal Incontinence: This involves the inability to control bowel movements, leading to involuntary leakage of stool. Urogynecologists can assess and provide treatment options to manage fecal incontinence.
Treatments
Urogynecologists employ both conservative and surgical approaches to manage these conditions.
Conservative treatments may include lifestyle modifications, pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises), medications, and the use of devices such as pessaries.
Surgical interventions can range from minimally invasive procedures like vaginal or laparoscopic repairs to more complex surgeries.
Urogynecology aims to improve the quality of life for women affected by pelvic floor disorders by addressing their specific symptoms and functional limitations. It involves a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach that may include collaboration with physical therapists, urologists, colorectal surgeons, and other specialists to provide optimal care for each patient.
